Join应用

1. Reduce Join

Map端的主要工作：
为来自不同表或文件的key/value对，打标签以区别不同来源的记录。然后用连接字段作为key，其余部分和新加的标志作为value，最后进行输出。
Reduce端的主要工作：
在Reduce端以连接字段作为key的分组已经完成，我们只需要在每一个分组当中将那些来源于不同文件的记录(在Map阶段已经打标志)分开，最后进行合并就ok了。

总结
缺点：这种方式中，合并的操作是在Reduce阶段完成，Reduce端的处理压力太大，Map节点的运算负载则很低，资源利用率不高，且在Reduce阶段极易产生数据倾斜。解决方案：Map端实现数据合并。

2. 代码实操

2.1 需求

将商品信息表中数据根据商品pid合并到订单数据表中。 Alt text

2.2 需求分析

2.3 代码实现

TableBean.javaTableMapper.javaTableReducer.javaTableDriver.java

java

public class TableBean implements Writable {

    private String id; //订单id
    private String pid; //产品id
    private int amount; //产品数量
    private String pname; //产品名称
    private String flag; //判断是order表还是pd表的标志字段

    public TableBean() {
    }

    public String getId() {
        return id;
    }

    public void setId(String id) {
        this.id = id;
    }

    public String getPid() {
        return pid;
    }

    public void setPid(String pid) {
        this.pid = pid;
    }

    public int getAmount() {
        return amount;
    }

    public void setAmount(int amount) {
        this.amount = amount;
    }

    public String getPname() {
        return pname;
    }

    public void setPname(String pname) {
        this.pname = pname;
    }

    public String getFlag() {
        return flag;
    }

    public void setFlag(String flag) {
        this.flag = flag;
    }

    @Override
    public String toString() {
        return id + "\t" + pname + "\t" + amount;
    }

    @Override
    public void write(DataOutput out) throws IOException {
        out.writeUTF(id);
        out.writeUTF(pid);
        out.writeInt(amount);
        out.writeUTF(pname);
        out.writeUTF(flag);
    }

    @Override
    public void readFields(DataInput in) throws IOException {
        this.id = in.readUTF();
        this.pid = in.readUTF();
        this.amount = in.readInt();
        this.pname = in.readUTF();
        this.flag = in.readUTF();
    }
}

java

public class TableMapper extends Mapper<LongWritable,Text,Text,TableBean> {

    private String filename;
    private Text outK = new Text();
    private TableBean outV = new TableBean();

    @Override
    protected void setup(Context context) throws IOException, InterruptedException {
        //获取对应文件名称
        InputSplit split = context.getInputSplit();
        FileSplit fileSplit = (FileSplit) split;
        filename = fileSplit.getPath().getName();
    }

    @Override
    protected void map(LongWritable key, Text value, Context context) throws IOException, InterruptedException {

        //获取一行
        String line = value.toString();

        //判断是哪个文件,然后针对文件进行不同的操作
        if(filename.contains("order")){  //订单表的处理
            String[] split = line.split("\t");
            //封装outK
            outK.set(split[1]);
            //封装outV
            outV.setId(split[0]);
            outV.setPid(split[1]);
            outV.setAmount(Integer.parseInt(split[2]));
            outV.setPname("");
            outV.setFlag("order");
        }else {                             //商品表的处理
            String[] split = line.split("\t");
            //封装outK
            outK.set(split[0]);
            //封装outV
            outV.setId("");
            outV.setPid(split[0]);
            outV.setAmount(0);
            outV.setPname(split[1]);
            outV.setFlag("pd");
        }

        //写出KV
        context.write(outK,outV);
    }
}

java

public class TableReducer extends Reducer<Text,TableBean,TableBean, NullWritable> {

    @Override
    protected void reduce(Text key, Iterable<TableBean> values, Context context) throws IOException, InterruptedException {

        ArrayList<TableBean> orderBeans = new ArrayList<>();
        TableBean pdBean = new TableBean();

        for (TableBean value : values) {

            //判断数据来自哪个表
            if("order".equals(value.getFlag())){   //订单表

			  //创建一个临时TableBean对象接收value
                TableBean tmpOrderBean = new TableBean();

                try {
                    BeanUtils.copyProperties(tmpOrderBean,value);
                } catch (IllegalAccessException e) {
                    e.printStackTrace();
                } catch (InvocationTargetException e) {
                    e.printStackTrace();
                }

			  //将临时TableBean对象添加到集合orderBeans
                orderBeans.add(tmpOrderBean);
            }else {                                    //商品表
                try {
                    BeanUtils.copyProperties(pdBean,value);
                } catch (IllegalAccessException e) {
                    e.printStackTrace();
                } catch (InvocationTargetException e) {
                    e.printStackTrace();
                }
            }
        }

        //遍历集合orderBeans,替换掉每个orderBean的pid为pname,然后写出
        for (TableBean orderBean : orderBeans) {

            orderBean.setPname(pdBean.getPname());

		   //写出修改后的orderBean对象
            context.write(orderBean,NullWritable.get());
        }
    }
}

java

public class TableDriver {
    public static void main(String[] args) throws IOException, ClassNotFoundException, InterruptedException {
        Job job = Job.getInstance(new Configuration());

        job.setJarByClass(TableDriver.class);
        job.setMapperClass(TableMapper.class);
        job.setReducerClass(TableReducer.class);

        job.setMapOutputKeyClass(Text.class);
        job.setMapOutputValueClass(TableBean.class);

        job.setOutputKeyClass(TableBean.class);
        job.setOutputValueClass(NullWritable.class);

        FileInputFormat.setInputPaths(job, new Path("D:\\input"));
        FileOutputFormat.setOutputPath(job, new Path("D:\\output"));

        boolean b = job.waitForCompletion(true);
        System.exit(b ? 0 : 1);
    }
}

2. Map Join

使用场景 Map Join适用于一张表十分小、一张表很大的场景。
优点
思考：在Reduce端处理过多的表，非常容易产生数据倾斜。怎么办？
在Map端缓存多张表，提前处理业务逻辑，这样增加Map端业务，减少Reduce端数据的压力，尽可能的减少数据倾斜。

具体办法：采用DistributedCache

在Mapper的setup阶段，将文件读取到缓存集合中。

java

//通过缓存文件得到小表数据pd.txt
URI[] cacheFiles = context.getCacheFiles();
Path path = new Path(cacheFiles[0]);

在Driver驱动类中加载缓存。

java

//缓存普通文件到Task运行节点。
job.addCacheFile(new URI("file:///e:/cache/pd.txt"));
//如果是集群运行,需要设置HDFS路径
job.addCacheFile(new URI("hdfs://hadoop102:8020/cache/pd.txt"));
//Map端join的逻辑不需要Reduce阶段，设置ReduceTask数量为0
job.setNumReduceTasks(0);

3. 代码实操

在MapJoinDriver驱动类中添加缓存文件

java

public class MapJoinDriver {

    public static void main(String[] args) throws IOException, URISyntaxException, ClassNotFoundException, InterruptedException {
        // 1 获取job信息
        Configuration conf = new Configuration();
        Job job = Job.getInstance(conf);
        // 2 设置加载jar包路径
        job.setJarByClass(MapJoinDriver.class);
        // 3 关联mapper
        job.setMapperClass(MapJoinMapper.class);
        // 4 设置Map输出KV类型
        job.setMapOutputKeyClass(Text.class);
        job.setMapOutputValueClass(NullWritable.class);
        // 5 设置最终输出KV类型
        job.setOutputKeyClass(Text.class);
        job.setOutputValueClass(NullWritable.class);
        // 加载缓存数据
        job.addCacheFile(new URI("file:///D:/input/tablecache/pd.txt"));
        // Map端Join的逻辑不需要Reduce阶段，设置reduceTask数量为0
        job.setNumReduceTasks(0);
        // 6 设置输入输出路径
        FileInputFormat.setInputPaths(job, new Path("D:\\input"));
        FileOutputFormat.setOutputPath(job, new Path("D:\\output"));
        // 7 提交
        boolean b = job.waitForCompletion(true);
        System.exit(b ? 0 : 1);
    }
}

在MapJoinMapper类中的setup方法中读取缓存文件

java

public class MapJoinMapper extends Mapper<LongWritable, Text, Text, NullWritable> {

    private Map<String, String> pdMap = new HashMap<>();
    private Text text = new Text();

    //任务开始前将pd数据缓存进pdMap
    @Override
    protected void setup(Context context) throws IOException, InterruptedException {
        //通过缓存文件得到小表数据pd.txt
        URI[] cacheFiles = context.getCacheFiles();
        Path path = new Path(cacheFiles[0]);
        //获取文件系统对象,并开流
        FileSystem fs = FileSystem.get(context.getConfiguration());
        FSDataInputStream fis = fs.open(path);
        //通过包装流转换为reader,方便按行读取
        BufferedReader reader = new BufferedReader(new InputStreamReader(fis, "UTF-8"));

        //逐行读取，按行处理
        String line;
        while (StringUtils.isNotEmpty(line = reader.readLine())) {
            //切割一行    
            String[] split = line.split("\t");
            pdMap.put(split[0], split[1]);
        }
        //关流
        IOUtils.closeStream(reader);
    }

    @Override
    protected void map(LongWritable key, Text value, Context context) throws IOException, InterruptedException {
        //读取大表数据   
        String[] fields = value.toString().split("\t");
        //通过大表每行数据的pid,去pdMap里面取出pname
        String pname = pdMap.get(fields[1]);
        //将大表每行数据的pid替换为pname
        text.set(fields[0] + "\t" + pname + "\t" + fields[2]);
        //写出
        context.write(text,NullWritable.get());
    }
}

Join应用 ​

1. Reduce Join ​

2. 代码实操 ​

2.1 需求 ​

2.2 需求分析 ​

2.3 代码实现 ​

2. Map Join ​

3. 代码实操 ​

Join应用

1. Reduce Join

2. 代码实操

2.1 需求

2.2 需求分析

2.3 代码实现

2. Map Join

3. 代码实操